Awe and Gratitude in Antarctica

By Jeannette LaFors

We’d been planning our trip to Antarctica for over a year, and I’d been looking forward to it with great anticipation. But two months before we left for the ice continent, our national election crushed me and I fell into a state of total despair.

I’ll admit that I was thankful that we’d be far, far, FAR away from the events of Inauguration Day in Washington, D.C. and I considered how our “escape” would be good for me. Of course I did what I usually do ahead of a big trip: I read some books, watched some documentaries, and talked with a few other people about their experiences.

So I was all set – prepared and looking forward — but I wasn’t prepared for a prolonged state of awe and humility that I experienced. Even though I had connected with others’ profoundly transforming experiences, I was blown away by how truly reorienting the experience was for me – physically, mentally and spiritually. It couldn’t have come at a better time. My experiences in Antarctica helped me regain my hope and determination.

The wildlife in Antarctica was an inspiration. Facing of some of the world’s harshest conditions, animals on the ice continent model how to survive profound challenges. We saw a lot of birds on our trip. I’ve seen some remarkable birds on other travels, but the wandering albatross is the most awe-inspiring bird I’ve ever seen. We spotted them on the second day of our voyage on the open ocean. Their wingspans are longer than three meters (11 ft) and they can coast for hundreds of miles, flying for weeks at sea before returning to the land. They take advantage of the change in wind speed that occurs near the surface of the ocean and fly expending minimal energy. They live well into their 60s and pair for life. They are tough. They are graceful.

But animals are not the only inspiration. I was equally impressed to learn about how humans have taken on the perils of one of the most inhospitable places on earth. As we sailed passed Elephant Island I was stunned to see Point Wild where 22 men from Ernest Shackelton’s ill-fated crew spent four and a half months waiting for a rescue in 1916. They endured staggering conditions there – Point Wild had no protection from frequent storms that pummeled the small spit of land with 130kph (80mph) winds and 18 meter (60 ft) waves. They flipped two lifeboats upside down to make a hut and used a blubber stove to heat their make-shift shelter and cook the birds and seals they caught. Passing the gray frozen point transported me from a cozy existence on a scientific research ship retrofitted for tourist expeditions to brutal and unimaginable hardships suffered by the men during their 22-month ordeal. This story about how human spirits conquered seemingly impossible odds of survival regrounded me and gave me courage.

The encounters I had with nature while paddling a kayak were among the most memorable of our trip. They reintroduced me to whimsy and reminded me how important it is to be fully present in the moment. It was amazing to be cruising along in a kayak with Dylan when a “bergy bit” rolled upside down not more than 15 meters away from us. “Cool!” we thought, as our guides cautioned us to keep a safe distance away from floating ice. We also saw penguins zip past us, porpoising out of the water and appearing to play with one another. Our good luck discovering a Weddell seal lounging on some ice less than 10 meters away from made us downright giddy.

On one morning after a quick visit to the Argentinian Almirante Brown Research Station, Adela and I launched our paddle in Paradise Cove – purported to be one of the most beautiful places along the Antarctic Peninsula. Our guide pointed out the blue-eyed cormorants nesting with their chicks on the rocky cliffs. After a bit of paddling along the coast we headed into the cove when a giant chunk of ice broke off a 30-story iceberg with a mighty thunderous crack and splash. As we looked on, the iceberg straight ahead of us in the middle of the cove began to rock enough to threaten a flip – a flip that could have sent capsizing waves our way. It didn’t take long for our kayak guides’ unequivocal commands and adrenaline rush to motivate Adela and me to paddle as quickly as possible away from the potential iceberg tsunami.

In the end, the iceberg didn’t flip, and we felt great relief in avoiding a potential disaster. After things settled down from all that excitement, we crossed the cove to take in the most spectacular glaciers of our trip – with greater consciousness of how nature can hold us with riveting beauty one moment and threaten our lives in another.

And then we spotted a minke whale. It was only a few meters away from our kayak and it was so gorgeous: black, smooth, graceful. . . . breathtaking. I didn’t bother to get out my camera. I watched without blinking, not wanting to miss a single moment of our encounter with this gentle giant. When it breathed out of its blowhole I felt even more connected in the experience. It was stunning. Truly stunning. As the wisdom of ancient peoples asserts, whales are powerful symbols and sources of strength, spirituality and leadership.

Later that same day Adela and I hiked up Danco Island – uninhabited by humans but home to thousands of penguins. We took in a panoramic view that took my breath away. With a couple of visual reference points – the kayakers paddling in the water below us and our anchored ship in the channel – I could take in the immense mountain peaks from the Antarctic peninsula and other nearby islands. I breathed the pristine air very deeply for several minutes in silence. The land, ice, sky, and water danced with the light from the longest days of sun I’ve ever experienced. The immensity and purity of the continent really hit me. It made me feel infinitesimally small, but simultaneously empowered.

The enormous and magnificent beauty, along with the terrifying conditions that characterize Antarctica, moved me in important ways. First, it offered me healing from the despair and paralyzing fear I’d experienced with November’s election. My world had blown up: my values, my confidence that hard-won progress would stick, and my hopes that we could count on some shared fundamentals were painfully shaken. I’d felt overwhelmed and lost.

But the beauty of Antarctica calmed me. The time away from electronic devices, constant news cycles and social media allowed me to focus and meditate upon the vast beauty I encountered. In doing so, I found some personal serenity. But it also made it even more apparent that I must be fierce in stewarding precious environmental resources. The health of our planet — so immense and wondrous — depends upon an unequivocal commitment to fight against the forces that put us and other living things in peril.

I had expected to leave Antarctica a more worldly and informed individual, but I underestimated the power that it would have to support a personal transformation. Our experience helped me to feel more anchored, less overwhelmed, renewed and remotivated to take on critical stewarding and servant leadership roles in my life. I am so very grateful for the gifts and insights I gained on our trip and for the shared family experience that will no doubt be one of the most memorable trips – if not the most memorable one — of our lives.

Asombro y gratitud en la Antártica

Habíamos estado planificando nuestro viaje a la Antártida durante más de un año y lo había estado esperando con mucha anticipación. Pero dos meses antes de nuestra salida al continente de hielo nuestras elecciones nacionales me machucó y caí en un estado de desesperación total.

Confieso que estaba agradecida de haber estado lejos, lejos, LEJOS de los eventos del día de la inauguración en Washington, D.C. y consideré que nuestro escape sería bueno para mí. Claro, hice lo que hago normalmente frente a un gran viaje: Leí algunos libros, vi varios documentales y hablé con algunas personas de sus experiencias personales.

Entonces estaba bien lista – preparada y anticipada – pero no estaba preparada por un estado extendido de asombro y humildad como lo que sentí. Aunque había conectado a la profundidad de las experiencias de otros y la profundidad de transformación que tuvieron me quedé asombrada de cómo me reorientó la experiencia – física, mental y espiritualmente.

La fauna de la Antártida fue una inspiración. Enfrentando una de las condiciones más severas del mundo, los animales del continente de hielo modelan cómo sobrevivir desafíos profundos. Vimos muchos pájaros durante nuestro viaje. He visto algunos pájaros extraordinarios en otros viajes, pero el albatros errante es el más inspirador que he visto. Los divisamos en el segundo día de nuestra travesía en el océano abierto. Sus envergaduras son de más de tres metros de largo y pueden recorrer miles de kilómetros, volando durante semanas en el mar antes de regresar a la tierra. Aprovechan el cambio de velocidad del viento que ocurre cerca de la superficie del mar y vuelan gastando la energía mínima. Viven hasta sus sesenta y se emparejan para toda la vida. Son fuertes. Son airosos.

Pero los animales no son la única inspiración. Me impresionó igual aprender de cómo los humanos han enfrentado los riesgos de uno de los lugares más inhóspitos del mundo. Cuando navegamos por la Isla Elefante me asustó ver El Punto Wild donde 22 hombres de la tripulación condenada de Ernest Shackleton se quedaron cuatro y medio meses esperando un rescate en 1916. Ellos sustentaron condiciones impactantes allá – el Punto Wild no tenía ninguna protección de las tormentas frecuentes que aporreaban el pequeño punto de tierra con rachas de 130 kilómetros y olas de 18 metros. Dieron vuelta sus dos botes salvavidas para hacer un refugio y usaron una estufa de grasa de ballena para calentar su espacio y cocinar los pájaros y focas que atrapaban. Pasar el punto gris y congelado me transportó desde mi existencia cómoda en el barco científico modernizado para expediciones turísticas a adversidades brutales e inconcebibles sufridas por los hombres durante su dura experiencia de 22 meses. Este cuento de cómo los espíritus humanos conquistaron probabilidades casi imposibles de supervivencia me repuso en terreno firme y me dio coraje.

Los encuentros que tuve con la naturaleza mientras remaba en un kayak estaban entre los más memorables de nuestro viaje. Me reintrodujeron a la extravagancia y me recordaron lo importante que es estar plenamente presente en el momento. Fue increíble estar navegando en kayak con mi hijo Dylan cuando un “bergy bit” volteó no más lejos de 15 metros de nosotros. “Genial!” pensamos, mientras nuestras guías nos avisaron sobre la importancia de mantener una distancia segura del hielo flotando. También vimos pingüinos pasándonos volando, saltando sobre el mar y jugando aparentemente entre ellos. Nuestra buena suerte al descubrir una foca “Weddell” holgazaneando sobre el hielo a menos de 10 metros de nosotros nos puso vertiginosos con optimismo.

Durante la mañana después de una visita corta a la estación argentina de investigaciones científicas que se llama Almirante Brown, Adela y yo iniciamos el viaje en kayak a la “Caleta Paraíso” – afirmado como uno de los lugares más hermosos en la península Antártica. Nuestra guía nos señaló a los cormoranes imperiales en sus nidos en las paredes del acantilado con sus polluelos. Después de algunos minutos de remar, entramos en la caleta cuando un pedazo gigante de hielo cayó desde un iceberg de 30 pisos con un chasquido de trueno y un gran salpicadura. Mientras observábamos el iceberg, que estaba exactamente frente a nosotros en medio de la caleta, empezó a balancearse suficientemente fuerte como para amenazar con darse vuelta – vuelta que podría enviarnos olas tan grandes como para volcar nuestro kayak. No pasó mucho tiempo para que las órdenes de nuestras guías y nuestro alto nivel de adrenalina nos motivaran a remar lo más rápido posible fuera del potencial tsunami del iceberg.

Al final, el iceberg no se dio vuelta y sentimos un gran alivio al evitar un desastre potencial. Cuando todo se calmó, cruzamos la caleta para contemplar los glaciares más espectaculares de nuestro viaje – con mayor consciencia de cómo la naturaleza puede cautivarnos con su belleza en un momento pero nos amenaza en otro

Y en ese momento localizamos una ballena minke. Estaba solamente a algunos metros de nuestro kayak y era tan espléndida: negra, lisa, graciosa . . . imponente. No me molesté en sacar mi cámara para tomar fotos. Miraba sin parpadear, no quería perderme ningún momento de nuestro encuentro con ese gigante dulce y noble. Cuando sopló desde su espiráculo me sentí además más conectada a la experiencia. Fue sorprendente. Como la sabiduría de los ancianos afirma, las ballenas son símbolos poderosos y fuentes de esfuerzo, espiritualidad y liderazgo.

Más tarde el mismo día, Adela y yo dimos subimos en un sendero de la Isla Danco – deshabitado por los humanos pero llena de miles de pingüinos. Disfrutamos la vista panorámica que me dejó sin aire. Con algunas puntos de referencia visual – los kayakers remando en el mar abajo y nuestro barco anclado en el cauce – podía contemplar las cimas de las montañas inmensas de la península Antártica y otras islas cercanas. Respiré el aire prístino con mucha profundidad por varios minutos en silencio. La tierra, el hielo, el cielo y el agua bailaban con la luz del día más largo que había tenido. La inmensidad y la pureza del continente me golpearon. Me sentí infinitesimal, pero simultáneamente empoderada.

La belleza tan inmensa y magnífica, junto con las condiciones espantosas, características de la Antártica me conmovió de varias maneras importantes. Primero, me ofreció un proceso de recuperación de la desesperanza y del miedo paralizado que sentía después de nuestras elecciones en noviembre. Mi mundo había estallado: mis valores, mi confianza en que el progreso conseguido con dificultad se mantendría y mis esperanzas de confiar en algunos principios compartidos estaban tambaleándose]. Me sentía anulada y perdida.

Pero la belleza de la Antártica me calmó. El tiempo fuera de los dispositivos electrónicos, ciclos constantes de las noticias y medios de comunicación social me permitió enfocarme y meditar sobre la belleza amplia que encontraba. Con esto tuve serenidad personal. También me quedó claro que tenía que ser intensa en la protección de los preciosos recursos ambientales. La salud de nuestro planeta – tan inmenso y maravilloso – depende de un compromiso inequívoco para luchar contra fuerzas que nos han puesto en peligro conjuntamente a nosotros y a las otras cosas vivas.

Había anticipado salir de la Antártica como una persona más vivida e informada pero subestimé el poder que tenía para apoyarme en una transformación personal. Nuestra experiencia me ayudó a sentirme más anclada, menos anulada, renovada y remotivada para enfrentar roles de liderazgo y protección en mi vida. Estoy agradecida por los regalos y percepciones que adquirí en nuestro viaje y por la experiencia familiar compartida que, sin duda, será uno de los más memorables – si no la más memorable – de nuestras vidas.

2016 Annual Letter

Dear Friends and Family,

There’s really no way to talk about 2016 as a single continuum. There’s the 10 months before the U.S. presidential election and there’s the two months that followed. On November 8th, we all walked through a looking glass and entered a strange – and frequently terrifying – new dimension.

For the four of us, there’s a special irony, since the preceding ten months had brought a new and welcome familiarity. Jobs solidified. Dylan and Adela were no longer the “new kids” at school. Friendships deepened. Language became more comprehensible. We bumped into people we knew. In short, things got less strange…

From Jeannette: Discrete moments signaled that we were settling in to life in Chile. When I could read the number on a public bus and know where it was headed. When I became part of a carpool with wonderful women who have become my friends. When someone contacted me through someone else I had met. When I joined a committee at Santiago Community Church and organized a volunteer event at a local school. When we welcomed family and friends from the U.S. with authentic Chilean meals – including a legit “asado” (typical Chilean-style BBQ) with tasty pisco sours.

After the election I was completely UNSETTLED, and dozens of Chileans asked me how Trump could win the election – especially without winning the popular vote. While I could explain the Electoral College in Spanish, and how some voters had latched on to a deceptive notion of what makes America “great,” I needed space to mourn and regroup.

Fortunately 2016 had brought me expanded opportunities to work with teachers, students and school leaders –with fabulous colleagues at Fundación Chile and other innovative educational organizations. Travelling to the U.S. for work in May also allowed me to visit friends and family and celebrate my parents 50th Anniversary and “Pop-Pop’s” 75th birthday. I’m particularly grateful this year for friends here in Chile who have been so kind and generous, brought me laughter and hugs, and offered me immeasurable support.

From Dylan: This year, we got to visit and experience some very magical places as a family. We started the year off with a bang, taking a vacation to the Lake District in southern Chile. There we visited a wonderful glacier named the Ventisquero Colgante which gets its name from the fact that it hangs over a mountain rock face. As it melts off, icy water falls like raindrops into the lake below. On that same trip, we camped in a very beautiful national park named Parque Pumalín where my parents cycled 16 years ago on their honeymoon. But even before that, my dad and I got to go rafting on the Futaleufú River with class five rapids. This river is very famous throughout the world of professional rafting and is the training ground for many pros who hail from the northern hemisphere, looking to stay in shape between October and March. This was a truly unique experience for me. While I’m a very sporty person, rafting was a totally different kind of fun. The other magical place we got to visit in 2016 was Machu Picchu. While most people either hike the old Inca Trail or take the train up to Aguas Calientes, the town at the base of the ruins, we hiked the Salkantay trail. After two days of a steep climb, we reached the Salkantay pass and from there it was mostly downhill through the small towns of Colpapampa and Santa Teresa until we made our final climb into Aguas Calientes. After that long trek we got up at 4am to catch one of the first buses to the historic site of Machu Picchu. Once we were there, our guide led us through part of the ruins, explained the history behind some of it, and then left us at the base of Huayna Picchu. From there, we were on our own to climb it and further explore the rest of the ancient city.

In February, a week into our family vacation, I returned to Santiago alone to resume my soccer. While the rest of my family was enjoying a stay with some family friends in Valdivia, I was training hard everyday with my team, La Católica. In addition to training hard for the upcoming season, I was also hoping day in and day out that my player pass would finally arrive from FIFA so I could fully join the team and play in competitive matches. About a week into the season, we received news that my pass was complete, and that Saturday morning I was walking onto the pitch wearing the jersey I had longed to wear for eight months.

I was deeply moved by all of these experiences. Being somewhere you might never see again gives you a sense of appreciation towards the place and towards those who helped get you there. And as for soccer, I have a deep appreciation for being on a terrific team doing the thing I love.

From Matt: I’ve particularly enjoyed some new and renewed friendships this year. Getting to spend time outside of the city at the getaway homes of Paula Leighton and Gonzalo Argandoña (friends from my traveling days) and getting to know their terrific families. Playing regular Wednesday night soccer with a group of guys who have been friends since elementary school (!) but were happy to let me in. Spending time showing my brother, sister, mom and dad our adopted home. These have been the most rewarding experiences. And I have been so impressed by the caliber of the professionals I have had the chance to meet, at the Ministry of Education and its partner agencies, at local universities, and at non-profits. The desire for positive change is palpable here, and it’s infectious. I remain excited about engaging in the ambitious effort to re-design the educational system here and to strip away the legacy of dictatorship, piece by piece.

From Adela: I have had amazing experiences in 2016. Each of these experiences has a special meaning to me, which is why I want to share them with you.

  • Summer Camp: Connect to nature and the people around me and help me grow and learn
  • Trip to the South of Chile: Learn about the culture, traditions, nature and people that I am surrounded by but that is clouded by the “city smog”
  • School: Starting a new stage in my life (middle school) with new friends and teachers and learning even more about Spanish, history and science
  • Swimming: Exploring a new-found love for a sport I had never before taken very seriously, and meeting new people along the way
  • Model UN: Engaging with other students from all over Santiago and gaining new knowledge about countries and cities all over the world
  • Volunteer Work: Helping people and animals not for my benefit but for the world’s benefit
  • Music and Theater: Improving my singing and theater and doing something that I really love

Everything that I have done this year has taught me something new, and it has helped me grow and mature. Maybe this year has not been the best for some people (especially those affected by the actions of the man occupying the White House at this moment). But I have learned that we are stronger together, and we have to stand strong, because every person counts. This year, I saw a movie that greatly inspired me. It said that the meaning of life is partly to be happy, but also to live now, and I hope that people will live their lives, not dwell on the past or worry about the future. I now want to share with you three quotes (because I could not decide which one was best) that mean a lot to me. They are all spoken by Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter series, my favorite books. Enjoy…

“It is our choices that show who we truly are, far more than our abilities.”

“Happiness can be found in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light.”

“We must all face the choice between what is right and what is easy.”

I hope you all have a wonderful 2017 😉

 

 2016 by the numbers:

0 – number of Copa América titles Chile won before we moved here

2 – number of Copa América titles Chile’s won since we’ve lived here

2 – countries Adela represented in Model United Nations conferences (India, Mexico)

6, 9, 10 – jersey numbers Dylan wore during his 28 games for La Católica this season

14 – day in June when Gigi Hébert was born and Felix became a big brother!

27 – officially bad smog days in Santiago

30 – family and friends who came to visit us (much more enjoyable than the smog!)

50 – special wedding anniversary for Kary and Nanette LaFors on June 17

100+ – hours spent to get official residency status

4,600 – the altitude (in meters) of the Salkantay Pass (that’s 15,200 feet) where we were on Day 2 of our 5-day trek to Machu Picchu

10,000 – round-trip miles Matt and Adela flew to celebrate Michael & Kristin’s wedding

1,000,000,000+ – number of leaf cutter ants we saw doing chores in the Peruvian Amazon

About 500 miles south our home in Santiago, just outside of the city of Valdivia, tucked away in dense woods of a temperate rain forest, stand a few of the world’s remaining alerce andino trees. They’re quite magnificent. Wide, tall, gnarled, magical. Back in February, we stood before the oldest of them – a tree that might be 3,000 years old – and thought about endurance. This tree stood before Homer wrote Odysseus, before the births of Buddha, Confucius and Jesus. It had been around for at least a millennium when the Mayans built Chichen Itza. It has withstood countless earthquakes and deluges and (just barely) human logging. With a minimal amount of caution by humans going forward, who knows how long it might endure? 2016 showed us that bonds endure and it showed us that it will take sustained work to ensure that our values endure as well.

Peace and love to you all. Adela, Dylan, Jeannette and Matt

Ice

by Matt Kelemen

The bottom of the world is white. Blindingly white. And it’s black. And grey. And blue. Many shades of blue. Cobalt blue. Cornflower blue. Sapphire. Periwinkle. There’s not much red or yellow or orange, unless you count the sunsets and sunrises. But you should count the sunsets and sunrises because they last a long, long time and they cast the most amazing array of oranges and yellows and reds across the sky. Oh and they paint all the white pink, too. It’s quite nice to see.

But most of all, it’s white. Because of the ice. There is a lot of ice at the bottom of the world, that is to say, on the Antarctic ice shelf.

— Ice that covers 5.4 million square miles, which is bigger than the area of Canada and Alaska put together.

— 6.4 million cubic miles of ice. And if you can’t picture how big that it is, perhaps it is helpful to know that all the human beings on the planet can, standing together and on top of one another, just about fit inside one cubic mile.

— Ice so thick in places that it pushes the landmass underneath it far below sea level.

— Ice that traps 61% of the world’s fresh water. If it all melted, DC would be underwater (there’s a thought), along with Philly, New York, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Shanghai, Bangkok, Amsterdam, Denmark (yup, the whole country), Venice (of course), Cairo, the Amazon basin, and the whole Central Valley of California. San Francisco would be an island, but our house would be safe. (Here’s a cool tool for simulating sea level rise.)

With ice floating all around you, and with the benefit of some instruction from Antarctic experts, you start to note the differences in the ice. The big bits are either glaciers — which are actually layers of snow that frozen together over time, sitting on top of land and advancing or receding through valleys — or ice shelves — which are the extensions of glaciers over the ocean. The expedition leaders on Antarctic ships don’t let you get within a half-kilometer of glaciers or ice shelves because of the whole falling-ice-can-crush-you thing.

Icebergs, the kind that sink ships, are pieces of glaciers that have been set free to float along, melt, and tip over again and again as their melting shifts their center of gravity. Jeannette and Adela were in kayaks not far from a cruise-ship-sized iceberg when it started to tip, drawing a calm, measured response from the kayak leader (let’s just say she used her outdoor voice) because of that whole iceberg-tipping-causing-a-tsunami thing.

Just to confuse you, if an iceberg falls off an ice shelf (rather than a glacier), then it’s called a tabular iceberg rather than just an iceberg. These are the ones that look like floating buildings. Big buildings. Or cities. Or Delaware in the case of the gi-normous one that’s poised to break off of the Larsen Ice Shelf any day now.

My favorite scientific terms are reserved for the smaller bits of ice. Anything between 5 and 15 meters in size is no longer an iceberg, but rather a bergy bit, while the babies of the Antarctic, the 1-5 meter ice bobs, are known as growlers. Anything smaller than that is brash ice and you’re allowed to bump your kayak into it. (Fuller description of types of ice here.)

There’s also fast ice, which is ice that is attached to the coast and extends out into the sea. On our furthest-south day, below the Antarctic circle, Captain Beluga (real name of our Russian captain) was kind enough to set us into some fast ice so that we could actually walk on it. Man, was I begging for a pair of cross country skis… and a team of dogs… and a month’s supply of pemmican… and a seal-skin parka… oh, sorry, been reading too much about the heroic insane era of polar exploration.

Editorial note on that: If you’re ever considering exploring uncharted lands, I recommend the Norwegian model, where you study your predecessors, prepare well, adapt to the circumstances, and especially see wisdom in the ways of people who have lived in similar climates. Definitely preferable to the British model, where you take pride in doing things the hard way, assume there’s no important knowledge outside of your own culture, and generally improvise your way through the experience. Roald Amundsen embodied the Norwegian model, got to the South Pole first, and came back alive. Robert Scott epitomized the British approach; he got to the pole second and died on the return (and was considered a hero for it rather than the more appropriate term, “bungler”).

Anyway, it turns out that fast ice is particularly helpful to a number of flightless animals, like seals and penguins, because it’s easy to hop up onto for a nap or a warming break from krill-fishing. Glaciers, pretty as they are, often stick out of the water without easy on-ramps. And they flip, which is not helpful to said seals and penguins. As a result, most of our seal viewing consisted of watching the beasts nap, yawn, and loll around on bits of flat sea ice. (The penguins are much more entertaining, but I’ll leave Adela to describe that in a later post.)

The whiteness of Antarctica is important in lots of ways. The white of a penguin’s front gives it camouflage while swimming, since it looks like the sky from below. If our ship was any indication, the people who get to Antarctica are overwhelmingly white, which is a shame (though the only humans born on Antarctica are Latinos from Argentina and Chile). But perhaps most importantly, the white ice reflects sunlight back into space, keeping the planet cool. We need the white and we should all be deeply concerned that there’s too little of it left.